Python 3.6.5 Documentation >  Concrete Objects Layer

Concrete Objects Layer
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The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object
types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if
you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure that
it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; for
example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use
"PyDict_Check()". The chapter is structured like the “family tree” of
Python object types.

Warning: While the functions described in this chapter carefully
check the type of the objects which are passed in, many of them do
not check for *NULL* being passed instead of a valid object.
Allowing *NULL* to be passed in can cause memory access violations
and immediate termination of the interpreter.

Fundamental Objects
===================

This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object
"None".

* Type Objects

* The "None" Object

Numeric Objects
===============

* Integer Objects

* Boolean Objects

* Floating Point Objects

* Complex Number Objects

* Complex Numbers as C Structures

* Complex Numbers as Python Objects

Sequence Objects
================

Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous
chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence
objects that are intrinsic to the Python language.

* Bytes Objects

* Byte Array Objects

* Type check macros

* Direct API functions

* Macros

* Unicode Objects and Codecs

* Unicode Objects

* Unicode Type

* Unicode Character Properties

* Creating and accessing Unicode strings

* Deprecated Py_UNICODE APIs

* Locale Encoding

* File System Encoding

* wchar_t Support

* Built-in Codecs

* Generic Codecs

* UTF-8 Codecs

* UTF-32 Codecs

* UTF-16 Codecs

* UTF-7 Codecs

* Unicode-Escape Codecs

* Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs

* Latin-1 Codecs

* ASCII Codecs

* Character Map Codecs

* MBCS codecs for Windows

* Methods & Slots

* Methods and Slot Functions

* Tuple Objects

* Struct Sequence Objects

* List Objects

Container Objects
=================

* Dictionary Objects

* Set Objects

Function Objects
================

* Function Objects

* Instance Method Objects

* Method Objects

* Cell Objects

* Code Objects

Other Objects
=============

* File Objects

* Module Objects

* Initializing C modules

* Single-phase initialization

* Multi-phase initialization

* Low-level module creation functions

* Support functions

* Module lookup

* Iterator Objects

* Descriptor Objects

* Slice Objects

* Ellipsis Object

* MemoryView objects

* Weak Reference Objects

* Capsules

* Generator Objects

* Coroutine Objects

* DateTime Objects